Most of the following models instantiate either the Cellular Automata Framework (ca.nlogo) or the Agent-Based Model Framework (abm.nlogo).
Sugarscape is a good introduction to the ABM framework. It also demonstrates Ambient Intelligence, carrying capacity, CNP, and is the starting point for complexity economics.
The model: ss.nlogo
Swarming is the basic model for flocking, herding, conformity, group think, and the wisdom of crowds.
The model: swarm.nlogo
Synchronization models spontaneous teamwork.
The model: sync.nlogo
Plagues is a basic model for the spread of viruses, ideas, customs, etc.
The model: virus.nlogo
Learning, acclimation, and evolution are examples of adaptation.
Models: learn.nlogo, adaptation.nlogo, ipd.nlogo
Strategies for improving fitness improve from one generation to the next.
Model: evo.nlogo
Cooperation, altruism, spitefulness, and selfishness (predation, for example) are the four basic forms of evolutionary behavior.
Model: socevo.nlogo
Tipping points, panics, fads, market crashes, and riots are examples of rebellions.
Model: rebel.nlogo