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   "source": [
    "### <center>San Jose State University<br>Department of Applied Data Science<br><br>**DATA 200<br>Computational Programming for Data Analytics**<br><br>Spring 2024<br>Instructor: Ron Mak</center>"
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 3.13 Built-In Function `range`: A Deeper Look"
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### You can specify a starting value in a call to the `range()` function. Recall that the default starting value is 0, and the ending value is not included in the values."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for number in range(5, 10):\n",
    "    print(number, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### You can also specify an increment, known as the **step value**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for number in range(0, 10, 2):\n",
    "    print(number, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### The step value can be negative!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for number in range(11, 0, -2):\n",
    "    print(number, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **EXERCISE:** What happens if you try to print the items in `range(10,` `0,` `2)`? "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for number in range(10, 0, 2):\n",
    "    print(number, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **EXERCISE:** Use a `for` statement and `range()`, and `print()` to display on one line the sequence of values 99 88 77 66 55 44 33 22 11 0, each separated by one space."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for n in range(99, -1, -11):\n",
    "    print(n, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Nested `for` Loops\n",
    "\n",
    "#### You can have a `for` loop inside of a `for` loop. The inner loop is \"nested\" in the outer loop -- it is part of the outer loop's suite. **Each time** the outer loop executes its suite, the inner loop executes its suites for **all values** of its sequence."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(3):\n",
    "    print(f'i = {i}')\n",
    "    \n",
    "    for j in range(2, 10, 2):\n",
    "        print(f'        j = {j}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### You can also nest `while` loops, or any combination of `while` and `for` loops, to any depth."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **EXERCISE:** What does the following code print?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for row in range(10):\n",
    "    for column in range(10):\n",
    "        print('<' if row%2 == 1 else '>', end='')\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "##########################################################################\n",
    "# (C) Copyright 2019 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and                    #\n",
    "# Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           #\n",
    "#                                                                        #\n",
    "# DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     #\n",
    "# best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the          #\n",
    "# development, research, and testing of the theories and programs        #\n",
    "# to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make       #\n",
    "# no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these    #\n",
    "# programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors #\n",
    "# and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or       #\n",
    "# consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the       #\n",
    "# furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.                     #\n",
    "##########################################################################\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Additional material (C) Copyright 2023 by Ronald Mak"
   ]
  }
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