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   "source": [
    "### <center>San Jose State University<br>Department of Applied Data Science<br><br>**DATA 200<br>Computational Programming for Data Analytics**<br><br>Spring 2023<br>Instructor: Ron Mak</center>"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "# 5.15 Other Sequence Processing Functions "
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Alphabetical vs. Numerical Ordering of Strings"
   ]
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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   "source": [
    "'Red' < 'orange'"
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### This may not be what we expected, because alphabetically, `'Red'` comes **after** `'orange'`. It happened because upper-case 'R' comes before lower-case 'o'. Python is actually doing a numerical comparison using the **ordinal value** of the letters."
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ord('R')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ord('o')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### If we want Python to simulate comparing alphabetically, we must either shift all the letters to lower case or to upper case before doing a comparison using the string methods `lower()` or `upper()`, respectively."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "colors = ['Red', 'orange', 'Yellow', 'green', 'Blue']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "color_red = 'Red'\n",
    "color_orange = 'orange'\n",
    "\n",
    "color_red < color_orange"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "color_red.lower()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "color_orange.lower()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "color_red.lower() < color_orange.lower()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "color_red.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "color_orange.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "color_red.upper() < color_orange.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Iterating Backwards Through a Sequence"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "numbers = [10, 3, 7, 1, 9, 4, 2, 8, 5, 6]\n",
    "reversed_numbers = [n**2 for n in reversed(numbers)]\n",
    "\n",
    "reversed_numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Combining Iterables into Tuples of Corresponding Elements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Suppose you need to iterate over multiple iterables in parallel. Built-in function `zip()` combines any number of equal-length iterables such as lists. It returns an iterable containing tuples, and each tuple contains the corresponding elements from the original tuples."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "names = ['Bob', 'Sue', 'Amanda']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grade_point_averages = [3.5, 4.0, 3.75] "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print('Name    GPA')\n",
    "\n",
    "for name, gpa in zip(names, grade_point_averages):\n",
    "    print(f'{name:6}{gpa:5.1f}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### The `for` loop unpacks each tuple created by the call to `zip()` into variables `name` and `gpa`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **EXERCISE:** A student has three exam scores, 85, 92, and 99. The weights applied to the exams are 0.25, 0.25, and 0.50, respectively. Calculate the student's weighted total score."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "##########################################################################\n",
    "# (C) Copyright 2019 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and                    #\n",
    "# Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           #\n",
    "#                                                                        #\n",
    "# DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     #\n",
    "# best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the          #\n",
    "# development, research, and testing of the theories and programs        #\n",
    "# to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make       #\n",
    "# no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these    #\n",
    "# programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors #\n",
    "# and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or       #\n",
    "# consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the       #\n",
    "# furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.                     #\n",
    "##########################################################################\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Additional material (C) Copyright 2023 by Ronald Mak"
   ]
  }
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