{
 "cells": [
  {
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   "source": [
    "### <center>San Jose State University<br>Department of Applied Data Science<br><br>**DATA 200<br>Computational Programming for Data Analytics**<br><br>Spring 2023<br>Instructor: Ron Mak</center>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 5.2 Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### A list is a fundamental Python data structure that is similar to an array in other programming languages. But, as you'll soon see, it is much more flexible."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Creating a List"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### You can create a list simply by listing its elements. The elements are enclosed in **square brackets**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c = [-45, 6, 0, 72, 1543]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Unlike arrays in many other languages, a Python list can contain elements of different datatypes. For example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "person = ['Mary', 'Brown', 25, 'Dept. 12', True, 120_000.00]\n",
    "\n",
    "person"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Accessing Elements of a List"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Use **integer** values as subcripts to access individual elements of a list. Enclose the subscript in square brackets (the **subscript operator**). The subscript value 0 access the first element."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Determining a List’s Length "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "len(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Accessing Elements from the End of the List with Negative Indices"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[-3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Indices Must Be Integers or Integer Expressions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b = 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[a + b]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Lists Are Mutable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[4] = 17\n",
    "\n",
    "c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Some Sequences Are Immutable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Whereas lists are **mutable** sequences, other sequences such as strings are **immutable**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s = 'hello'\n",
    "\n",
    "s[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s[0] = 'H'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Attempting to Access a Nonexistent Element"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[100]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Using List Elements in Expressions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c[0] + c[1] + c[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Appending to a List with the `append()` method."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_list = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for number in range(1, 6):\n",
    "    a_list.append(number)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Appending to a List with +="
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_list = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for number in range(1, 6):\n",
    "    a_list += [number]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### What's on the right of the `+=` operator must be an iterable, such as another list. Note that we appended `[number]`, not simply `number`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "letters = []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### A string is iterable."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "letters += 'Python'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "letters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Concatenating Lists with +"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### The `+` operator **concatenates** two sequences, such as two lists or two strings. The result is a **new** list or string. The original list or string is unchanged. Both sequences must be of the same datatype (such as list or string)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list1 = [10, 20, 30]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list2 = [40, 50]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "concatenated_list = list1 + list2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "concatenated_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "greeting = 'Hello'\n",
    "location = 'world'\n",
    "\n",
    "message = greeting + ', ' + location + '!'\n",
    "message"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Using `for` and `range` to Access List Indices and Values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "len(concatenated_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "range(len(concatenated_list))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "concatenated_list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(len(concatenated_list)):  \n",
    "    print(f'{i}: {concatenated_list[i]}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comparison Operators"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Use comparison operators to compare lists element by element."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = [1, 2, 3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b = [1, 2, 3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c = [1, 2, 3, 4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a == b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a == c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a < c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### List `a` has fewer elements than list `c`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "c >= b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **EXERCISE** Create a function `cube_list` that cubes each element of a list. Call the function with the list `numbers` containing 1 through 10. Show `numbers` after the call."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def cube_list(lst):\n",
    "    for i in range(len(lst)):\n",
    "        lst[i] **= 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lsst = []\n",
    "for i in range(1,11):\n",
    "    lsst += [i]\n",
    "    \n",
    "lsst"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cube_list(lsst)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lsst"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **EXERCISE** Use an empty list named `characters` to convert the string `'Birthday'` into a list of its characters. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "characters = []\n",
    "characters += 'Birthday'\n",
    "\n",
    "characters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "##########################################################################\n",
    "# (C) Copyright 2019 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and                    #\n",
    "# Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           #\n",
    "#                                                                        #\n",
    "# DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     #\n",
    "# best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the          #\n",
    "# development, research, and testing of the theories and programs        #\n",
    "# to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make       #\n",
    "# no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these    #\n",
    "# programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors #\n",
    "# and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or       #\n",
    "# consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the       #\n",
    "# furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.                     #\n",
    "##########################################################################\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Additional material (C) Copyright 2024 by Ronald Mak"
   ]
  }
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