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   "source": [
    "### <center>San Jose State University<br>Department of Applied Data Science<br><br>**DATA 200<br>Computational Programming for Data Analytics**<br><br>Spring 2024<br>Instructor: Ron Mak</center>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 3.14 Using Type Decimal for Monetary Amounts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Floating-point numbers can suffer from roundoff errors. Financial applications can require precise \"to the penny\" calculations. The Python Standard Library provides datatype `Decimal` that uses a fair rounding algorithm."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "amount = 112.31"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(amount)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(f'{amount:.20f}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Importing Type Decimal from the decimal Module "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### The Python Standard Library is organized into **modules**. One module is `decimal` from which we can import the datatype `Decimal`. If we use any functions or datatypes from a module, we must first import them."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from decimal import Decimal"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Creating Decimals\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Create a `Decimal` number from a string."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "principal = Decimal('1000.00')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "principal"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rate = Decimal('0.05')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rate"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Decimal Arithmetic "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = Decimal('10.5')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y = Decimal('2')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x + y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x // y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x += y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### You can perform arithmetic operations between a `Decimal` value and an integer value, but not between a `Decimal` value and a floating-point value."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x + 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x + 2.5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Calculating Compound Interest"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### A person puts $1,000 in an investment that yields 5% interest per year. The person leaves all the interest on deposit in the investment. What is the amount of the investment after 10 years?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for year in range(1, 11):\n",
    "    amount = principal*((1 + rate)**year)\n",
    "    print(f'{year>2}:{amount:>10.2f}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Note that the print format specifiers each has a `>` sign. That specifies the output to be right aligned within its field width (the number of spaces to print the value)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **EXERCISE:** Assume that the tax on a restaurant bill is 6.25% and that the bill amount is $37.45. Use datatype `Decimal` to calculate the bill total then print the result with two digits to the right of the decimal point."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "total = Decimal(Decimal('37.45')*Decimal('1.0625'))\n",
    "total"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(f'{total:.2f}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "##########################################################################\n",
    "# (C) Copyright 2019 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and                    #\n",
    "# Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           #\n",
    "#                                                                        #\n",
    "# DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     #\n",
    "# best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the          #\n",
    "# development, research, and testing of the theories and programs        #\n",
    "# to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make       #\n",
    "# no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these    #\n",
    "# programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors #\n",
    "# and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or       #\n",
    "# consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the       #\n",
    "# furnishing, performance, or use of these programs.                     #\n",
    "##########################################################################\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Additional material (C) Copyright 2023 by Ronald Mak"
   ]
  }
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