Objective function (optimality criterion)
A function that defines how well data fit a particular hypothesis (as, for instance, a particular phylogenetic tree).
These are homologous genes that are found in two different taxa and are performing the same function in each taxon. Together with paralogs they comprise a homologous super family.
Operational Taxonomic Unit. Synonymous with terminal taxon.
One or more taxa assumed to be phylogenetically outside the ingroup that are used as a rooting point of a phylogenetic tree and may be used to assign the direction of change to character-state transformations.
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