Also known as an operational taxonomic unit (OTU). This is an individual, a strain, a species or any unit of classification. In phylogeny reconstruction, the contemporary or hypothetical ancestral strain, species or whatever, is known as a taxon. A hypothetical ancestor, a fossil and a clade are also known as taxa.
This is the scientific discipline of naming organisms. It was started by Carolus Linné (Carl Linneaus). Taxonomy is one of the three branches of Systematics.
This is a substitution of a purine for a purine or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine (like-for-like),
This is a substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine or vice versa.
The sum of the estimated or actual branch lengths in tree.
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