Glossary in Phylogeny Construction

D


Dendrogram

Any branching tree-like diagram.

Distance Matrix

This is a pairwise 'distance' between taxa, based on some observation.  For molecular data, it could be the observed number of nucleotide differences between the pairs of taxa, alternatively, it could be the reconstructed distances between these sequences based on some model of sequence evolution.  It is possible to use a distance matrix in order to construct a dendrogram indicating the similarities between pairs of taxa. See UPGMA or Neighbor Joining.

Duplication

This is a genetic event that results in a region of DNA being copied to another part of the genome.  The result is that the genome now has a new paralog of the original gene.

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