Important Lisp Primitives

These are among the most useful primitives in MzScheme, the Scheme dialect implemented in Dr. Scheme. Some of these primitives have different names in other dialects. By convention, symbols ending in "?" are predicate names and symbols containing "->" refer to type conversion operations. Those ending in "!" refer to destructive operations. Symbols italicized below require loading a library before their use.

NUMBERS
+ - * / quotient remainder modulo
abs max min floor truncate ceiling round

number? complex? real? rational? exact? inexact?

add1 sub1 zero? positive? negative? odd? even?

= < > <= >=
sqrt exp log expt gcd lcm random

BOOLEANS AND EQUIVALENCE PREDICATES
#t #f not and or eq? equal?

SEQUENCING, CONTROL, AND BINDING

define set! eval quote if cond else

begin begin0 lambda let let* letrec

PAIRS AND LISTS

car cdr cons c..r null? pair? list?

list append reverse length list-ref last-pair list-tail

member memq assoc assq

set-car! set-cdr! append! reverse!

INPUT, OUTPUT, AND PORTS

open-input-file close-input-port read read-char read-line eof-object? load

open-output-file close-output-port write write-char newline display pretty-print

PROCEDURES

apply map for-each procedure?

CHARACTERS

char? char-upcase char-downcase char->integer integer->char

char-alphabetic? char-numeric? char-whitespace? char-upper-case? char-lower-case?

char=? char<? char>? char<=? char>=?

char-ci=? char-ci<? char-ci>? char-ci<=? char-ci>=?

SYMBOLS AND STRINGS

symbol? gensym putprop getprop symbol->string string->symbol

string? string make-string string-length string-ref string-set! substring

string=? string<? string>? string<=? string>=?

string-ci=? string-ci<? string-ci>? string-ci<=? string-ci>=?

string-append string-copy string-fill! list->string string->list number->string string->number

VECTORS

vector? vector make-vector vector-length vector-ref vector-set!

list->vector vector->list vector-fill!

MISCELLANEOUS

exit error system require lib trace untrace
> trace untrace

NUMBERS
+	-	*	/	quotient	remainder	modulo
abs	max	min	floor	truncate	ceiling	round
number?	complex?	real?	rational?	exact?	inexact?
add1	sub1	zero?	positive?	negative?	odd?	even?
=	<	>	<=	>=
sqrt	exp	log	expt	gcd	lcm	random
BOOLEANS AND EQUIVALENCE PREDICATES
#t	#f	not	and	or	eq?	equal?
SEQUENCING, CONTROL, AND BINDING
define	set!	eval	quote	if	cond	else
begin	begin0	lambda	let	let*	letrec
PAIRS AND LISTS
car	cdr	cons	c..r	null?	pair?	list?
list	append	reverse	length	list-ref	last-pair	list-tail
member	memq	assoc	assq
set-car!	set-cdr!	append!	reverse!
INPUT, OUTPUT, AND PORTS
open-input-file	close-input-port	read	read-char	read-line	eof-object?	load
open-output-file	close-output-port	write	write-char	newline	display	pretty-print
PROCEDURES
apply	map	for-each	procedure?
CHARACTERS
char?	char-upcase	char-downcase	char->integer	integer->char
char-alphabetic?	char-numeric?	char-whitespace?	char-upper-case?	char-lower-case?
char=?	char<?	char>?	char<=?	char>=?
char-ci=?	char-ci<?	char-ci>?	char-ci<=?	char-ci>=?
SYMBOLS AND STRINGS
symbol?	gensym	putprop	getprop	symbol->string	string->symbol
string?	string	make-string	string-length	string-ref	string-set!	substring
string=?	string<?	string>?	string<=?	string>=?
string-ci=?	string-ci<?	string-ci>?	string-ci<=?	string-ci>=?
string-append	string-copy	string-fill!	list->string	string->list	number->string	string->number
VECTORS
vector?	vector	make-vector	vector-length	vector-ref	vector-set!
list->vector	vector->list	vector-fill!
MISCELLANEOUS
exit	error	system	require	lib	trace	untrace